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Monsoon Melee
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The rhythms of life across South Asia depend on the Indian monsoon. Climate scientists
are locking horns over the cause of the summer deluges
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Climate Change Conversations
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THE THOUSANDS OF PRESENTATIONS AT NEXT WEEK’S MEETING OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ACS) in New Orleans exemplify one of the many ways scientists converse among themselves
about the most recent advances in science. Science and technology continue to reshape the
world we live in, and appreciating how these changes, both intended and unintended, come
about is a necessity for all citizens in a democratic society. Scientists have a responsibility to
help their fellow citizens understand what science and technology can and cannot do for them
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The Global Plight of Pollinators
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Wild pollinators are in decline, and managed
honeybees cannot compensate for their loss.
29 MARCH 2013 VOL 339 SCIENCE
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Wildlife decline and social conflict
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Policies aimed at reducing
wildlife-related conflict
must address the
underlying causes
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Assemblage Time Series Reveal Biodiversity Change but Not Systematic Loss
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The extent to which biodiversity change in local assemblages contributes to global biodiversity
loss is poorly understood. We analyzed 100 time series from biomes across Earth to ask how diversity
within assemblages is changing through time. We quantified patterns of temporal a diversity, measured
as change in local diversity, and temporal b diversity, measured as change in community composition.
Contrary to our expectations, we did not detect systematic loss of a diversity. However, community
composition changed systematically through time, in excess of predictions from null models.
Heterogeneous rates of environmental change, species range shifts associated with climate change,
and biotic homogenization may explain the different patterns of temporal a and b diversity.
Monitoring and understanding change in species composition should be a conservation priority.
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From Past to Future Warming
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Analyses of past observations help to
predict the human contribution to future
climate change.
21 FEBRUARY 2014 VOL 343 SCIENCE
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Carbon Market Lessons and Global Policy Outlook
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Summary: Ongoing work on linking markets and mixing policies builds on successes and failures in pricing and trading carbon. Closing sentence, 1st paragraph: Are carbon markets seriously challenged or succeeding and on the rise?
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Status and Ecological Effects of the World’s Largest Carnivores
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The largest terrestrial species in the order Carnivora are wide-ranging and rare
because of their positions at the top of food webs. They are some of the world’s most admired mammals
and, ironically, some of the most imperiled. Most have experienced substantial population
declines and range contractions throughout the world during the past two centuries. Because of the
high metabolic demands that come with endothermy and large body size, these carnivores often
require large prey and expansive habitats. These food requirements and wide-ranging behavior
often bring them into confl ict with humans and livestock. This, in addition to human intolerance,
renders them vulnerable to extinction. Large carnivores face enormous threats that have caused
massive declines in their populations and geographic ranges, including habitat loss and degradation,
persecution, utilization, and depletion of prey. We highlight how these threats can affect the
conservation status and ecological roles of this planet’s 31 largest carnivores.
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Coupling of CO2 and Ice Sheet Stability Over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years
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During the Middle Miocene, when temperatures were ~3° to 6°C warmer and sea level 25 to 40 meters higher than present, pCO2 was similar to modern levels.
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Changes in Wind Pattern Alter Albatross Distribution and Life-History Traits
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Westerly winds in the Southern Ocean have increased in intensity and moved poleward. Using
long-term demographic and foraging records, we show that foraging range in wandering albatrosses
has shifted poleward in conjunction with these changes in wind pattern, while their rates of travel and
flight speeds have increased. Consequently, the duration of foraging trips has decreased, breeding
success has improved, and birds have increased in mass by more than 1 kilogram. These positive
consequences of climate change may be temporary if patterns of wind in the southern westerlies
follow predicted climate change scenarios. This study stresses the importance of foraging performance
as the key link between environmental changes and population processes.
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