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Fox 1924.pdf
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FIN-GEN
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Fragmentation and thermal risks from climate change interact to affect persistence of native trout in the Colorado River basin
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Impending changes in climate will interact with other stressors to threaten aquatic ecosystems and their biota. Native Colorado River cutthroat trout (CRCT; Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) are now relegated to 309 isolated high- elevation (>1700 m) headwater stream fragments in the Upper Colorado River Basin, owing to past nonnative trout invasions and habitat loss. Predicted changes in climate (i.e., temperature and precipitation) and resulting changes in stochastic physical disturbances (i.e., wildfire, debris flow, and channel drying and freezing) could further threaten the remaining CRCT populations. We developed an empirical model to predict stream temperatures at the fragment scale from downscaled climate projections along with geomorphic and landscape variables. We coupled these spa- tially explicit predictions of stream temperature with a Bayesian Network (BN) model that integrates stochastic risks from fragmentation to project persistence of CRCT populations across the upper Colorado River basin to 2040 and 2080. Overall, none of the populations are at risk from acute mortality resulting from high temperatures during the warmest summer period. In contrast, only 37% of populations have a ! 90% chance of persistence for 70 years (simi- lar to the typical benchmark for conservation), primarily owing to fragmentation. Populations in short stream frag- ments <7 km long, and those at the lowest elevations, are at the highest risk of extirpation. Therefore, interactions of stochastic disturbances with fragmentation are projected to be greater threats than warming for CRCT populations. The reason for this paradox is that past nonnative trout invasions and habitat loss have restricted most CRCT popula- tions to high-elevation stream fragments that are buffered from the potential consequences of warming, but at risk of extirpation from stochastic events. The greatest conservation need is for management to increase fragment lengths to forestall these risks.
Keywords: climate change, cutthroat trout, fragmentation, multiple stressors, native fish, stream temperature model, stream warming
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Climate Science Documents
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Fraley Ahlstedt 2000.pdf
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FIN-GEN
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Framework for Conservation Action in the Great Plains Grasslands Biome
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A ‘Call to Action’ has emerged in the Great Plains to scale-up conservation on private lands and meet the sustainability targets that benefit both agriculture and wildlife. In 2020, a multi-state, areawide planning initiative produced the first biome-scale framework for grassland wildlife conservation on the region’s sustainable working rangelands. This initiative features an action-based framework for 2021-2025 focused on addressing the two most severe and large-scale threats to the Great Plains biome: woodland expansion and land use conversion.
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General Resources Holdings
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Framework for Conservation Action in the Sagebrush Biome
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This action-based framework is the culmination of multi-state, areawide planning initiated to update SGI 2.0 and its ongoing success in 2021-2025. This framework also serves as NRCS’ ongoing contribution to the Sagebrush Conservation Strategy administered by Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Sharing common cross-boundary threats, NRCS staff across 11 western states collaborated to create this shared vision for conservation action.
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General Resources Holdings
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Franzen 1958.pdf
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FIN-GEN
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Frasers sedge (Cymophyllus fraserianus)
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Frasers sedge_Jason Hollinger_2011_Great Smoky Mountains, TN.jpg
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Vulnerability
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Climate Change Vulnerability
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Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Photo Gallery
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Frasers sedge (Cymophyllus fraserianus)
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Frasers sedge_Jason Hollinger_2011_Great Smoky Mountains, TN.jpg
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Research
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…
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Assessing Vulnerability of Species and Habitats to Large-scale Impacts
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Species and Habitat Vulnerability Assessment Photo Gallery
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Frequent Long-Distance Plant Colonization
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The ability of species to track their ecological niche after climate change is a major source of uncertainty in predicting their future distribution. By analyzing DNA fingerprinting (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) of nine plant species, we show that long-distance colonization of a remote arctic archipelago, Svalbard, has occurred repeatedly and from several source regions. Propagules are likely carried by wind and drifting sea ice. The genetic effect of restricted colonization was strongly correlated with the temperature requirements of the species, indicating that establishment limits distribution more than dispersal. Thus, it may be appropriate to
assume unlimited dispersal when predicting long-term range shifts in the Arctic.
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Climate Science Documents
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Freshwater Methane Emissions Offset the Continental Carbon Sink
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Acornerstone of our understanding of the
contemporary global carbon cycle is that
the terrestrial land surface is an important
greenhouse gas (GHG) sink (1, 2). The global
land sink is estimated to be 2.6 T 1.7 Pg of C
year−1 (variability T range, excluding C emissions
because of deforestation) (1). Lakes, impoundments,
and rivers are parts of the terrestrial landscape,
but they have not yet been included in the
terrestrial GHG balance (3, 4). Available data
suggest, however, that freshwaters can be substantial
sources of CO2 (3, 5) and CH4 (6). Over time,
soil carbon reaches freshwaters by lateral hydrological
transport, where it can meet several fates,
including burial in sediments, further transport to
the sea, or evasion to the atmosphere as CO2 or
CH4 (7). CH4 emissions may be small in terms of
carbon, but CH4 is a more potent GHG than CO2
over century time scales. This study indicates that
global CH4 emissions expressed as CO2 equivalents
correspond to at least 25% of the estimated
terrestrial GHG sink.
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