The Appalachians have and still are a hotspot for America's energy needs. Forests provided early settlers with a ready supply of wood fuel. As the nation industrialized, the region became the center for coal, oil, and recently natural gas extraction and wind. Though essential for society, the extraction of these resources has altered the Appalachian landscape, impacting biodiversity and natural places that make the Appalachians unique. As wind, natural gas, and oil development expand along with traditional coal, there is an increasing need for research to inform discussions on how to meet immediate and future energy needs while sustaining the health of natural systems.
